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alcheringa:1-1:two_prophecies_flathead_kalapuya_46 [2022/03/22 21:42] – [Commentary] kaitsassalcheringa:1-1:two_prophecies_flathead_kalapuya_46 [2022/03/22 21:52] (current) – [Context] copy editing kaitsass
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 FIXME Edit to acknowledge direct quotes.  FIXME Edit to acknowledge direct quotes. 
  
-**The Kalapuyans** are a Native American ethnic group. Many of their contemporary descendants are members of the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon. The Kalapuyan traditional homelands were in the Willamette, Elk Creek, and Calapooya Creek watersheds of Western Oregon. They hunted and gathered as far east and west as the Cascades and Coast ranges and traded with the Chinookans to the north and Coos peoples on the coast. Prior to contact with white explorers, traders, and missionaries, the Kalapuyan population is believed to have numbered as many as 15,000 people. Robert Boyd estimates the total Kalapuyan population between 8,780 and 9,200 for the period between 1805-1830. The Kalapuyans married extensively with all neighboring bands and counted among the Chinookans especially important wealthy kinship relations. Catastrophic epidemics of malaria, smallpox, and other diseases accompanied the entry of Euro-Americans into their midst. Some accounts record tales of entire villages empty of people. By 1849 the population had dropped to around 600. All of the bands and tribes of the Kalapuyans were terminated at the Grand Ronde Reservation when their treaties were terminated in 1954 along with all other Western Oregon tribes, a consequence of the Western Oregon Indian Termination Act. Final termination occurred when most lands of the reservation sold and all services were removed, with final rolls published in the Congressional record in 1956. The Kalapuya treaties were restored through the restoration bills of the Confederated Tribes of the Siletz (1977) and Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon (1983). +**The Kalapuyans** are a Native American ethnic group. Many of their contemporary descendants are members of the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon. The Kalapuyan traditional homelands were in the Willamette, Elk Creek, and Calapooya Creek watersheds of Western Oregon. They hunted and gathered as far east and west as the Cascades and Coast ranges and traded with the Chinookans to the north and Coos peoples on the coast. Prior to contact with white explorers, traders, and missionaries, the Kalapuyan population is believed to have numbered as many as 15,000 people. Robert Boyd estimates the total Kalapuyan population to be between 8,780 and 9,200 for the period between 1805-1830. The Kalapuyans married extensively with all neighboring bands and counted the Chinookans as especially important wealthy kinship relations. Catastrophic epidemics of malaria, smallpox, and other diseases accompanied the entry of Euro-Americans into their midst. Some accounts record tales of entire villages empty of people. By 1849 the population had dropped to around 600 people. All of the bands and tribes of the Kalapuyans were terminated at the Grand Ronde Reservation when their treaties were terminated in 1954 along with all other Western Oregon tribes, a consequence of the Western Oregon Indian Termination Act. Final termination occurred when most lands of the reservation sold and all services were removed, with final rolls published in the Congressional record in 1956. The Kalapuya treaties were restored through the restoration bills of the Confederated Tribes of the Siletz (1977) and Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon (1983). 
-The descendants of the Kalapuyan tribes and bands married extensively into other tribes throughout the Northwest and within the reservation and most now have multiple native ancestries. The majority of Kalapuyan descendants are enrolled at The Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community. There are an estimated 4,000 Kalapuyan descendants. +The descendants of the Kalapuyan tribes and bands married extensively into other tribes throughout the Northwest and within the reservation and most now have multiple native ancestries. The majority of Kalapuyan descendants are enrolled at The Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community. There are an estimated 4,000 Kalapuyan descendants. More information can be found here:
 {{:alcheringa:1-1:callapuya_indian.jpg?400 |}} {{:alcheringa:1-1:callapuya_indian.jpg?400 |}}
 [[https://libraryguides.lanecc.edu/kalapuya]]  [[https://libraryguides.lanecc.edu/kalapuya]] 
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 **The Flathead,** North American Indian tribe of what is now western Montana, U.S., had an original territory extending from the crest of the Bitterroot Range to the Continental Divide of the Rocky Mountains and centered on the upper reaches of the Clark Fork of the Columbia River. Although early accounts referred to all Salish-speaking tribes as “Flathead,” the people now known by this name never engaged in head flattening. To further complicate the name issue, in the 21st century, most individuals belonging to this tribe refer to themselves simply as Salish, though from a linguistic perspective, “Salish” refers to a much larger grouping of peoples. **The Flathead,** North American Indian tribe of what is now western Montana, U.S., had an original territory extending from the crest of the Bitterroot Range to the Continental Divide of the Rocky Mountains and centered on the upper reaches of the Clark Fork of the Columbia River. Although early accounts referred to all Salish-speaking tribes as “Flathead,” the people now known by this name never engaged in head flattening. To further complicate the name issue, in the 21st century, most individuals belonging to this tribe refer to themselves simply as Salish, though from a linguistic perspective, “Salish” refers to a much larger grouping of peoples.
 The Flathead were the easternmost of the Plateau Indians. Like other tribes that regularly traversed the Rocky Mountains, they shared many traits with nomadic Plains Indians. The Flathead acquired horses in great numbers and mounted annual fall expeditions to hunt bison on the Plains, often warring with tribes that were permanent residents of the area. Traditional Flathead culture also emphasized Plains-type warfare and its honors, including staging war dances, killing enemies, counting coups (touching enemies to shame or insult them), kidnapping women and children, and stealing horses.  The Flathead were the easternmost of the Plateau Indians. Like other tribes that regularly traversed the Rocky Mountains, they shared many traits with nomadic Plains Indians. The Flathead acquired horses in great numbers and mounted annual fall expeditions to hunt bison on the Plains, often warring with tribes that were permanent residents of the area. Traditional Flathead culture also emphasized Plains-type warfare and its honors, including staging war dances, killing enemies, counting coups (touching enemies to shame or insult them), kidnapping women and children, and stealing horses. 
-Early 21st-century population estimates indicated more than 4,000 Flathead descendants. Most lived on the Flathead Reservation (formally the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation) in western Montana, the fourth largest reservation within the United States. +Early 21st-century population estimates indicated more than 4,000 Flathead descendants. Most lived on the Flathead Reservation (formally the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation) in western Montana, the fourth largest reservation within the United States. More information can be found here:
 [[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Flathead-people]] [[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Flathead-people]]
  

Trace: • praises_of_the_bantu_kings_26 • praises_of_the_bantu_kings_26 • three_songs_of_mad_coyote • two_prophecies_flathead_kalapuya_46 • they_came_in_ships • the_riddles_serbo-croatian_39 • the_trials_death_of_one_seven_hunter • planting_song • pelt_kid_and_his_grandmother • the_father_of_my_country

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