====== Two Incantations from New Guinea and the Solomon Islands ======
{{ :alcheringa:1-1:two-incantations-pages_from_alcheringa_1-1.pdf |}}
===== Overview =====
This entry contains two incantations. The first comes from New Guinea and the second comes from the Solomon Islands. Both pieces were first published within "Papua and New Guinea's first literary magazine," //Kovave//, in a section with two other incantations, titled simply "Four Incantations." The two incantations included here were republished with permission within //Alcheringa//. The first incantation was translated from the Kuman language to English by Theodore Banda, and the second piece, titled "Aeroplanes," was translated from the Saposa language by Larius Hulo.
===== Context =====
[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuman_language_(New_Guinea)#:~:text=Kuman%20%28also%20Chimbu%20or%20Simbu%29%20is%20a%20language,Chimbu%20languages%2C%20Kuman%20has%20rather%20unusual%20lateral%20consonants.|Kuman]] is a language spoken primarily within the Chimbu province of Papua New Guinea. It has also been called Simbu or Chimbu and about 115,000 speakers of the language were reported in the 2000 census. 

Saposa is an [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austronesian_languages|Austronesian language]] also native to New Guinea. It is spoken between Buka Island and Bougainville. The Austronesian languages are spoken by approximately 385 million people and the family includes nearly 1260 languages. 

The //[[http://png.athabascau.ca/docs/kovave.pdf|Kovave]]// literary magazine was founded by Ulli Beier and has been edited and contributed to by many poets and students from the University of Papua New Guinea. The magazine was named after the first stage of the male initiation ceremony of the [[https://www.everyculture.com/Oceania/Orokolo-Orientation.html|Orokolo]], who are the Western Elema people who reside near the Gulf Province in Papua New Guinea. 
===== Commentary =====

===== Bibliography =====
“Austronesian Languages.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 1 Mar. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austronesian_languages. 

Fitzpatrick, Phil. “Kovave (How It All Began) & Poems by Familiar Names.” Keith Jackson & Friends: PNG ATTITUDE, 30 July 2013, https://www.pngattitude.com/2013/07/kovave-how-it-all-began-poems-by-familiar-names.html. 

“Kuman Language (New Guinea).” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 22 Dec. 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuman_language_(New_Guinea)#:~:text=Kuman%20%28also%20Chimbu%20or%20Simbu%29%20is%20a%20language,Chimbu%20languages%2C%20Kuman%20has%20rather%20unusual%20lateral%20consonants. 

“Orokolo - Orientation.” Countries and Their Cultures, https://www.everyculture.com/Oceania/Orokolo-Orientation.html. 

“Saposa Language.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 31 May 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saposa_language#:~:text=From%20Wikipedia%2C%20the%20free%20encyclopedia%20Saposa%20is,an%20Austronesian%20language%20Bougainville%2C%20Papua%20New%20Guinea.%20References.